A Scottish Military Leader Who Changed America

Few Scottish figures left a greater mark on early American history than John Forbes. Born in 1707 at the Pittencrieff Estate in Dunfermline, Forbes became one of the most influential military commanders of the French and Indian War. His leadership not only secured a major British victory but also laid the foundations for westward expansion in North America.

From Medicine to Military Command

Before becoming a soldier, Forbes studied medicine and served briefly as a surgeon. He later joined the British Army and fought in major European conflicts, including the War of the Austrian Succession and the Battle of Culloden. His military talents earned him promotion and a posting to North America during the French and Indian War.

The Forbes Expedition and the Capture of Fort Duquesne

In 1758, Forbes was tasked with capturing Fort Duquesne, a key French stronghold at the forks of the Ohio River. Unlike previous commanders, he adopted a cautious strategy, building alliances with Native American tribes and advancing methodically through the wilderness.

Among his officers was a young George Washington, who gained valuable military experience during the campaign. Faced with overwhelming British forces, the French abandoned and destroyed Fort Duquesne, allowing Forbes to claim victory without a major battle.

Founding Pittsburgh and Opening the West

After securing the site, Forbes ordered the construction of Fort Pitt and named the surrounding settlement “Pittsborough” in honor of William Pitt the Elder. This settlement would eventually grow into Pittsburgh.

His expedition also created the famous Forbes Road, a route that became a vital gateway for settlers moving westward across the Appalachian Mountains.

A Lasting Legacy

Despite suffering from severe illness throughout the campaign, Forbes completed his mission and secured one of Britain’s most important victories in North America. Today, he is remembered as the Scottish general who founded Pittsburgh and helped shape the future expansion of the United States.